However, simplified sewerage is not just for peri-urban areas – it can be successfully and appropriately used in middle-and upper-income areas as well.
#C OF C BUILDER BASE LEVEL 8 BEST DESIGN MANUAL#
It is the purpose of this Manual to disseminate this technology more widely in the developing world, so that it can be used in peri-urban sanitation programmes and project to improve the health of poor communities. It is a sanitation technology widely known in Latin America, but it is much less well known in Africa and Asia. Preface Simplified sewerage is an important sanitation option in peri-urban areas of developing countries, especially as it is often the only technically feasible solution in these high-density areas. Comparative Simplified Sewer Design Trials 103 A2.1 UNCHS design example 103 A2.2 World Bank – UNDP design example 104Īppendix 3. Velocity of Flow Equations 97 A1.1 The Chézy equation 97 A1.2 The Gauckler-Manning equation 98 A1.2.1 Dimensions of n 98 A1.2.2 A modern form for the Gauckler-Manning equation 100 A1.3 The Colebrook-White equation 100 A1.4 The Escritt equation 101Īppendix 2. References and Further Reading 91 Publications available on the Internet 96Īppendix 1.
Simplified Sewerage in Practice 81 5.1 Simplified sewer construction 81 5.1.1 The need for good construction practice 81 5.1.2 Sewer gradient and ground slope 81 5.1.3 Grease/grit traps 84 5.1.4 Sewer pipe materials 85 5.1.5 Sewer appurtences 85 5.2 Operation and maintenance 87 5.3 System sustainability 89 PC-based Simplified Sewer Design 41 4.1 Overview 41 4.1.1 System requirements 41 4.1.2 Obtaining the program 41 4.1.3 The definition of a sewer network used in the program 42 4.1.4 The minimum information necessary to use the program 42 4.1.5 Getting started 42 4.2 Visual editor screen 44 4.3 Data entry/edit screen 52 4.4 Results table screen 56 4.5 Calculator screen 59 4.6 Main menu options 62 4.6.1 File menu 62 4.6.2 View menu 63 4.6.3 Option menu 64 4.6.4 Tools menu 65 4.6.5 Help menu 66 4.7 Quick Start examples 66 4.7.1 Example 1 – A single line of sewers 67 4.7.2 Example 2 – Adding a branch sewer 74 4.7.3 Example 3 – Branch conversion to two sub-networks 76 4.7.4 Example 4 – The UNCHS design example 79 Planning and Design 21 3.1 Initial assessment of sanitation options 21 3.1.1 Technical options 22 3.1.2 Management options 23 3.2 Planning for sewerage 24 3.2.1 Collection of existing information 25 3.2.2 Area to be included 25 3.2.3 Development of a draft sewerage plan 26 3.2.4 Physical and social surveys 27 3.2.5 Final sewer routes 29 3.3 Detailed design 29 3.3.1 Introduction to the design process 29 3.3.2 Categories of design parameters 30 3.3.3 Design input parameters 30 3.3.4 Design over-riding parameters 32 3.3.5 Design output parameter – minimum sewer gradient 33 3.3.6 Design of condominial sewers 34 3.3.7 Design of public collector sewers 39 Theory of Simplified Sewerage 11 2.1 Wastewater flow 11 2.1.1 Minimum daily peak flow 12 2.2 Properties of a circular section 12 2.3 Gauckler-Manning equation 15 2.4 Tractive tension 15 2.5 Minimum sewer gradient 16 2.6 Sewer diameter 17 2.7 Number of houses served 18 2.8 Design comparisons 19 Introduction 1 1.1 The need for sanitation 1 1.2 Simplified sewerage 3 1.3 Promotion of simplified sewerage 9
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.ĭISCLAIMER The University of Leeds, GHK Research & Training and the Department for International Development bear no responsibility for, and are not in any way committed to, the views and recommendations contained in this Manual.Ĭontents Preface v Acknowledgements vii Abbreviations and Principal Notation viii About this Manual ix No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted, by any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright owner.īritish Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
Duncan Mara Andrew Sleigh School of Civil Engineering University of Leeds and Kevin Tayler GHK Research & Training London January 2001įirst published in 2001 by the School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, LEEDS LS2 9JT, England.Īll rights reserved.
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